心理学是研究人的心理现象的科学。心理学的基础研究基本上可以分为认知研究和人格研究两个方面。在西方，认知研究和人格研究是齐头并进的。认知研究以其严密的实验设计、科学的论证过程、简洁的理论构想而在心理学领域享有崇高的地位；而人格研究也以其对人们生活和社会现实 Psychology is a science that studies human psychological phenomena. Basic research in psychology can basically be divided into cognitive research and personality research in two aspects. In the West, cognitive research and personality research go hand in hand. Cognitive research enjoys a high status in the field of psychology with its rigorous experimental design, scientific argumentation process and concise theoretical conception, and personality research also takes its impact on people’s life and social reality