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目的探索孕期贫血是否会改变妊娠结局及增加婴幼儿贫血的概率并且阻碍其正常的生长发育。方法通过问卷调查获得孕妇孕期贫血情况及新生儿出生结局资料,追踪记录婴幼儿6、12月龄和24月龄时的身长、体重,计算Z评分,并对其血红蛋白进行检测和评价,依此探讨孕期贫血对新生儿出生结局和婴幼儿生长发育的关系。结果孕期总体贫血患病率为18.9%,阴道分娩率为57.7%,早产儿发生率为5.5%,低出生体重和巨大儿发生率分别为4.2%和9.2%,婴幼儿贫血率6月龄时最高为8.2%,随月龄增加贫血率逐渐降低,婴幼儿生长发育状况良好,消瘦、生长迟缓、低体重及超重发生率均低于1%。孕期贫血组与不贫血组的新生儿出生体重、身长、孕龄及分娩方式差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),6、12、24月龄,婴幼儿贫血情况及生长发育水平差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论孕期贫血对新生儿出生结局以及婴幼儿贫血和生长发育存在负面影响。
Objective To explore whether the pregnancy anemia will change the pregnancy outcome and increase the probability of anemia in infants and young children and hinder its normal growth and development. Methods The pregnancy anemia and neonatal birth data were obtained through questionnaire survey. The height and weight of infants at 6, 12 months and 24 months were recorded and tracked. The Z score was calculated and hemoglobin was detected and evaluated To explore the relationship between anemia during pregnancy and neonatal outcome and infant growth. Results The prevalence of total anemia during pregnancy was 18.9%, vaginal delivery rate was 57.7%, the incidence of preterm birth was 5.5%, low birth weight and macrosomia were 4.2% and 9.2% respectively, and the rate of anemia in infants and young children was 6 months Up to 8.2%. With the increase of age, the rate of anemia gradually decreased. The growth and development of infants and young children were in good condition. The incidence of weight loss, growth retardation, low body weight and overweight were all less than 1%. Neonatal birth weight, length, gestational age and mode of delivery were not significantly different between anemia and non-anemic groups during pregnancy (P> 0.05). There were no differences in anemia and growth at 6,12 and 24 months Statistical significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion Anemia during pregnancy has a negative impact on neonatal birth outcomes and anemia and growth in infants and young children.