我国儿童巨细胞病毒感染极其普遍,原发感染多发生于婴幼儿期,大多表现为无症状或亚临床型,其致病性和疾病预后与宿者年龄和免疫状况密切相关,在免疫抑制个体或胎儿和婴儿(生理性免疫低下)中才易引起播散性疾病或单一器官损害。临床医师需要在了解该病毒致病特性和实验室证据意义的基础上把握巨细胞病毒相关性疾病的诊断,并合理使用抗巨细胞病毒药物治疗和掌握预防手段。 Children’s cytomegalovirus infection is extremely common in our country, the primary infection occurred in infants and young children, mostly manifested as asymptomatic or subclinical, its pathogenicity and disease prognosis and age and immune status of the host is closely related to immunosuppressed individuals Or fetuses and infants (hypoimmunity) can cause disseminated disease or single organ damage. Clinicians need to understand the pathogenicity of the virus and the significance of laboratory evidence on the basis of the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus-related diseases, and the rational use of anti-cytomegalovirus drugs and prevention methods.