论文部分内容阅读
目的分析肇庆市广宁县1950—2016年消除疟疾进程和防控措施,评价各阶段控制效果,为消除疟疾后继续巩固成果提供科学依据。方法收集广宁县1950—2016年疟疾流行情况、监测数据、控制措施及防治效果资料,分析评价不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防治措施实施效果。结果广宁县1950—2016年共报告疟疾病例50306例,年均发病率为182.92/10万;死亡13例,病死率为25.84/10万;大流行发生在1953—1957年,发病率最高的是1953年的2 438.85/10万,其次为1955年的2 123.39/10万。主要传播媒介为微小按蚊,流行以间日疟为主。防制过程分为初级防控、大规模执行综合性抗疟措施控制流行、基本灭疟、监测巩固达到消除疟疾4个阶段,每个阶段均采用相应的综合防治措施,疟疾年发病率由1953年的2 438.85/10万降至1975年的10/10万以下,1976年后年发病率范围控制在0~9.44/10万,且已连续14年无本地感染病例报告,10年无病例报告。表明在不同阶段采取的防治措施有效可行。结论广宁县疟疾防治达到国家消除标准,但不能松懈,仍要继续落实长效防控机制,加强流动人口的疟疾监测与管理,及时发现输入病原及时控制,巩固消除疟疾成果。
Objective To analyze the malaria elimination process and prevention and control measures in Guangning County, Zhaoqing City from 1950 to 2016, evaluate the control effects of various stages and provide a scientific basis for the further consolidation of the results after elimination of malaria. Methods The malaria epidemic situation, monitoring data, control measures and prevention and treatment data of Quang Ninh County from 1950 to 2016 were collected to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of malaria epidemic and the effect of prevention and treatment measures in different stages. Results A total of 50,306 malaria cases were reported in Guangning County from 1950 to 2016, with an average annual incidence of 182.92 / 100 000; 13 died and the case fatality rate was 25.84 / 100 000; the pandemic occurred in 1953-1957 with the highest incidence rate 2 438.85 / 100,000 in 1953, followed by 2 123.39 / 100,000 in 1955. The main media is Anopheles minimus, prevailing mainly in vivax malaria. The prevention and treatment process is divided into primary prevention and control, large-scale implementation of a comprehensive anti-malarial control epidemic, the basic elimination of malaria, surveillance and consolidation to achieve the elimination of malaria in four stages, each stage using a corresponding integrated control measures, the annual incidence of malaria from 1953 The annual number of 2 438.85 / 100 thousand dropped to below 10 million in 1975, and the incidence rate was controlled from 0 to 9.44 / 10 million in the year after 1976, and no case of local infection was reported for 14 consecutive years. No case report was reported in 10 years . This shows that the control measures taken in different stages are effective and feasible. Conclusion Although malaria control in Quang Ninh County has reached the national standard of elimination but can not be slacken off, long-term prevention and control mechanisms should still be implemented to enhance malaria surveillance and management of floating population. Timely control of imported pathogens should be found in time to consolidate the achievements in malaria elimination.