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目的：通过用分子生物学技术检测对乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（ＨＢＶ）母婴传播机率的研究，为临床提供防治的依据。方法：聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测３３２例乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）阳性和／或乙肝ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）阳性母亲外周血，及其分娩３３２例出生０时新生儿，和经乙肝疫苗和高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白（ＨＢＩｇ）联合免疫后７月龄１６１例婴儿血清中的乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸（ＨＢＶＤＮＡ）。结果：母亲ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率６１．７％；其中单阳组检出率４７．１％；双阳组检出率９２．５％。婴儿０时ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率３４．３％；其中单阳组２７．１％；双阳组４９．５％。经联合免疫后从０时至７月龄连续两次阳性检出率１１．８％；其中单阳组７．１％；双阳组１９．０％。结论：ＰＣＲ方法检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ提示母双阳组的婴儿通过胎盘感染和分娩时感染的机率均高于单阳组的婴儿（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性特别是ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性生育期妇女应增强机体免疫力才怀孕，以减少胎儿感染机率。
OBJECTIVE: To provide a basis for clinical prevention and treatment by studying the probability of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by using molecular biology techniques. Methods: Peripheral blood of 332 HBeAg positive and / or HBeAg positive mothers was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 332 newborns born at 0 o’clock in delivery were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBVDNA) in serum of 161 infants at 7 months of age after covalent immunization with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). Results: The detection rate of HBVDNA in mother was 61.7%, in which the detection rate was 47.1% in single positive group and 92.5% in double positive group. The detection rate of HBVDNA in infants was 34.3% at 0 hour, including 27.1% in single-positive group and 49.5% in double-positive group. After the co-immunization from 0 to 7 months of consecutive positive detection rate of 11.8%; of which 7.1% in the single-positive group; 19.0% Shuangyang group. Conclusion: The detection rate of HBVDNA by PCR is higher than that of infants in single positive group (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion: HBsAg positive, especially HBeAg-positive women of reproductive age should enhance immunity to pregnancy, in order to reduce the risk of fetal infection.