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采用任务冲突范式考察在不同任务难度条件下认知老化对个体冲突适应能力的影响。实验1采用经典Flanker任务考察在需要较少认知资源的低难度任务上,老年人与年轻人的冲突适应能力是否有差异;实验2则进一步采用Flanker与Simon任务的交叉整合任务,探讨在需要更多认知资源的高难度任务上,认知老化对冲突适应能力的影响。结果表明在低难度任务条件下,认知老化并未对冲突适应能力产生影响;而当冲突调控所需认知资源超出老化大脑最大代偿潜能时,老年人的冲突适应能力受损严重,认知老化会显著影响冲突适应能力。本研究最终支持了脑功能代偿说和资源限制理论。
The task conflict paradigm is used to examine the impact of cognitive aging on the individual’s ability to adapt to conflict under different task difficulty conditions. Experiment 1 uses the classic Flanker task to investigate whether there is a difference in the adaptability of conflict between the elderly and young people in the low-difficulty tasks that require less cognitive resources. Experiment 2 further adopts the cross-integration task of Flanker and Simon tasks, The impact of cognitive aging on the adaptability of conflicts on the more difficult tasks of more cognitive resources. The results show that under the conditions of low difficulty, cognitive aging does not affect the ability of conflict adaptation. When the cognitive resources needed for conflict control exceed the maximum compensatory potential of aging brain, the ability of the elderly to adapt to conflicts is seriously impaired. Aging can significantly affect the ability to adapt to conflicts. This study ultimately supported the theory of brain function compensation and resource limitation.