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从三种不同的价值学说视角阐释利息的本质,其优缺点互见。应从现实社会需求的角度出发,分析利息在现实社会中所具有的功能——增加社会福利和积累社会财富。其功能的实现必须借助于两种机制———信息传递和激励。信息传递有利于传递出产业资本拥有者资金稀缺性方面的信息,进而引导社会生产要素的合理配置;而利息的激励主要是能够使那些具有资本但是缺乏财富创造能力的个体参与到使得两者在合作中都能够受益的契约中来。利息的这两种机制,将有助于促进社会资金的周转效率,进而促进整体社会财富的有效增长。这种认识,有助于厘清现代社会经济生活中对利息的种种误解、偏见,并对民间融资的合理性以及高利贷现象存在的原因进行客观的分析。
The essence of interest is illustrated from three different perspectives of value theory. From the perspective of the needs of the real society, we should analyze the functions of interest in the real world - increase social welfare and accumulate social wealth. The realization of its function must rely on two mechanisms --- information transmission and incentives. The transfer of information facilitates the transfer of information on the scarcity of capital of industrial capital owners and thus the rational allocation of social production factors. The incentive of interest, on the other hand, is mainly to enable individuals who have the capital but lack the wealth creation ability to participate in Cooperation can benefit from the contract. These two mechanisms of interest will help to promote the efficiency of turnover of social funds and thus promote the effective growth of social wealth as a whole. This kind of understanding helps to clarify the various misunderstandings and prejudices on interest in modern social and economic life and objectively analyzes the rationality of private financing and the reasons for the phenomenon of usurious loans.