急性脑炎可因非特异性感染所致,在儿童时期很常见。虽然病毒性脑炎大多数是大脑弥漫性受累,但亦可为限局性改变。在少数情况下,小脑受累时出现共济失调、震颤和眼球震颤。偶尔,单纯的颅神经瘫痪和锥体束障碍是最突出的改变。1951年Bickerstaff等报告3例病人,并命名为“中脑炎和菱脑炎”。1957年他又报告5例,并命名为“脑干脑炎”。因为脑干脑炎的神经症状可与脑干神经胶质瘤、急性细菌性或结核性脑膜炎、脑病伴内脏脂肪变性、中毒、重症肌无力、脑脊髓神经 Acute encephalitis due to nonspecific infection, is very common in childhood. Although most viral encephalitis is diffusely affected by the brain, it may also be limited by local changes. In a few cases, ataxia is involved in ataxia, tremor, and nystagmus. Occasionally, simple cranial nerve paralysis and pyramidal tract disorders are the most prominent changes. In 1951 Bickerstaff et al reported 3 patients and named “encephalitis and orphan encephalitis.” In 1957 he reported another 5 cases and named “brainstem encephalitis.” Because the neurological symptoms of brainstem encephalitis and brain stem glioma, acute bacterial or tuberculous meningitis, encephalopathy with visceral steatosis, poisoning, myasthenia gravis, cerebrospinal nerve