朱光潜先生认为:“中国古代的散文,包括说理散文,都具有美学上的价值。”艺术美是心灵美与生活美的结晶,是作家按照“美的规律”凝聚而成的。中国古代散文中所蕴含的审美价值,与中国古代散文作家们在写作艺术上对美的执着追求是分不开的。借鉴中国古代散文作家的审美写作经验,对于提高社会主义新时期的散文写作艺术水平,推动市场经济的发展,是不无意义的。 中国古代散文的审美写作经验,表现在诸多方面,现根据个人理解,就其主要的予以简要论述。 一、文质并茂、虚实相生,是中国古代散文审美写作经验之一。美的哲学就是合谐的哲学,就是辩证统一的哲学。辩证统一,既是自然发展的法则,也是社会和思维运动发展的法则。写作是主观对客观的反映,其中既有美的心灵的闪光,也有对美的事物的发现。只有物我相融、表里如一、质文并茂、虚实共生,才能写出真正所谓“完善”的散文。在这一方面,中国古代散文作家积累了丰富的经验。老子《道德经》指出:“大音希声,大象无形。”这是“大音”和“大象”质形和表里的辩证统一。这种哲学观点在中国古代散文审美写作经验中也各有认识。挚虞《艺文类聚》中说:“假象过大,则与类相远;逸词过壮,则与事相违;辩言过理,则与义 According to Zhu Guangqian, “Ancient Chinese prose, including prose, has aesthetic value.” Art beauty is the crystallization of spiritual beauty and life beauty, and it is a compilation of writers in accordance with the “law of beauty.” The aesthetic value contained in ancient Chinese prose is inseparable from the persistent pursuit of beauty in the art of writing by ancient Chinese prose writers. Learning from the experience of Chinese ancient prose writers for aesthetic writing is of no great significance in raising the artistic level of prose writing in the new era of socialism and promoting the development of a market economy. The experience of aesthetic writing in ancient Chinese prose is manifested in many aspects and is briefly discussed on the basis of personal understanding. First, the quality of Mao Mao, the actual situation, is one of the Chinese ancient prose aesthetic writing experience. The philosophy of beauty is the philosophy of harmony and the philosophy of dialectical unity. Dialectical unity is both a law of natural development and a law of social and ideological movement. Writing is a subjective reflection of the objective, both the flash of the United States and the heart, but also the discovery of the beautiful things. Only the thing that I blend together, both inside and outside the same, the quality of the text, the actual situation, to write the real so-called “perfect” essay. In this respect, ancient Chinese prose authors have accumulated rich experience. Lao Tzu, “Moral Scriptures,” pointed out: “The big sound of hope, the elephant invisible.” This is the dialectical unity of the “big sound” and “elephant” shape and form. This philosophical view also has its own cognition in the aesthetic writing experience of ancient Chinese prose. Zhi Yu “art class together” said: "illusion is too large, then the class phase; etherean words too strong, then contrary to things;