为防止乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒 (HBV)母婴传播 ,婴儿出生后 2 4h内接种乙肝疫苗 (HepB)非常重要 ,但其接种率很低。为探讨接种率低的原因及其对策 ,在甘肃省访问了承担预防接种的工作人员 ,并对婴儿家长及乡村医生进行了小组访谈。调查结果显示 ,几乎所有婴儿家长对乙肝知识了解甚少或有错误。本次调查中 ,2 4h内接种HepB的婴儿全部在医院出生 ,2 4h内未接种的全部在家出生。即使及时接种的婴儿家长亦不知 2 4h内接种HepB的重要性 ,只不过是因为在医院出生才偶然做到了 2 4h内接种。另外 ,在家分娩且非乡村医生接生时 ,婴儿家长即使知道 2 4h内接种的重要性 ,但如不及时通知乡村医生 ,乡村医生也不能及时到家接种。因此 ,为提高婴儿出生后 2 4h内HepB接种率 ,对婴儿家长的宣传教育 ,特别是对孕妇和新婚夫妇的教育非常必要。 In order to prevent mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), it is very important that babies are given hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) within 24 hours of birth, but the vaccination rate is very low. In order to explore the reasons for the low vaccination rate and its countermeasures, Gansu Province interviewed staff members who took vaccination and conducted group interviews with infant parents and village doctors. Survey results show that practically all infant parents have little or no knowledge of hepatitis B knowledge. In this survey, babies who were vaccinated for HepB within 24 hours were all born in the hospital. All uninoculated babies were born at home within 24 hours. Even parents of infants who are vaccinated promptly do not know the importance of HepB vaccination within 24 hours, only because they were accidentally given a 24-hour inoculation when they were born in a hospital. In addition, when delivery at home and delivery by non-village doctors, the parents of infants, even if they know the importance of inoculation within 24 hours, will not be able to get home promptly if they are not promptly notified to the village doctors. Therefore, in order to raise the vaccination rate of HepB within 24 hours after birth, it is necessary to educate the parents of infants, especially the education of pregnant women and newlyweds.