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大约1000个小鼠的基因已确定了其特定染色体位置。大多数基因是在有害突变出现后才被识别的。通过对造成免疫系统发育或调节缺陷的自发突变的研究,加深了我们对基础免疫机制的了解。尽管某些免疫突变已是特殊人体疾病的模型,但其主要价值是做为解析复杂过程的工具,这样增加了我们对正常和疾病状态下免疫系统的了解。在30个以上的突变基因对小鼠免疫系统已显示出有害的效应。尽管其中几个造成免疫系统原发缺陷,但首先识别大多数免疫变异型是基于皮肤、内分泌系统、骨骼等表型异常。由这些有害等位基因确定的位点被分配在除X、Y
Genes of about 1,000 mice have identified their specific chromosomal location. Most genes are identified only after a deleterious mutation has occurred. Our understanding of the underlying immune mechanisms has deepened through the study of spontaneous mutations that cause defects in the development or regulation of the immune system. Although some immunological mutations have been models of specific human diseases, their primary value serves as a tool to analyze complex processes, thus increasing our understanding of the immune system in both normal and disease states. More than 30 mutated genes have shown deleterious effects on the mouse immune system. Although several of them cause primary defects in the immune system, recognizing most of the immune variants first is based on phenotypic abnormalities such as the skin, endocrine system, and bone. The loci identified by these deleterious alleles are assigned in addition to X, Y