目的探讨影响再次肾移植效果的因素。方法对再次肾移植的４３例患者按术后用药方案的不同分２个组进行回顾性分析。结果术后急性排斥反应（ＡＲ）的发生率为２７．９％，急性肾小管坏死（ＡＴＮ）的发生率为２３．３％。移植后人／肾１、３、５年存活率分别为８２．４％／６４．７％、７８．３％／６０．９％、６６．７％／５５．５％。环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）组和抗淋巴细胞球蛋白组人／肾１年存活率分别为７７．８％／５５．６％和８７．５％／７５％。结论ＣｓＡ顺序用药可提高再次肾移植的人、肾存活率；首次失功的移植肾宜在再次移植时切除；淋巴细胞群体反应性抗体＞５０％的患者不宜接受再次移植，而血浆置换不能有效地预防高敏患者术后发生排斥反应 Objective To explore the factors affecting the effect of renal transplantation again. Methods 43 cases of re-renal transplant patients were divided into two groups according to different postoperative medication regimens. Results The incidence of postoperative acute rejection (AR) was 27.9% and that of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was 23.3%. The 1, 3, 5 year survival rate of human / kidney after transplantation was 82.4% / 64.7%, 78.3% / 60.9%, 66.7% / 55.5% respectively. The one-year survival rates of cyclosporin A (CsA) group and anti-lymphocyte globulin group were 77.8% / 55.6% and 87.5% / 75%, respectively. Conclusions CsA can increase the survival rate of kidney and kidney after re-transplantation. The first-time failed graft should be resected at the time of re-transplantation. Re-transplantation should not be performed in> 50% of patients with lymphocyte population reactive antibody, and plasma exchange can not be effective To prevent postoperative high sensitivity patients with rejection