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目的分析2009-2015年陕西省人狂犬病发病情况和流行特征,探讨其发病的规律和趋势,为采取针对性防控策略提供依据。方法收集2009-2015年陕西省狂犬病疫情监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2009-2015年陕西省共报告狂犬病274例,年发病率为0.104/10万,其中21.9%的病例在2012年报告。6-10月是发病的高峰季节,报告病例数占总数的56.2%,又以8月(12.8%)和9月(12.4%)最多。病例以农民、学生和散居儿童为主,分别占总数的81.8%、7.7%和2.9%。男女性别比为2.34:1,年龄发病曲线呈“低龄组”和“高龄组”两个高峰,病例构成以40~69岁年龄组(68.6%)和0~14岁组(11.3%)为主。全省53.7%(58/108)的县有病例报告,疫情由陕南经关中逐渐蔓延到陕北,但主要仍以关中和陕南地区流行为主。48.2%的病例发病后3 d内获得诊断,病例发病至死亡的时间中位数为9 d(四分位数6~18 d),发病后7 d内39.8%的病例死亡。结论陕西省人狂犬病以陕南和关中地区高发为主,农民、男性以及15岁以下儿童和40~69岁年龄组是发病重点人群,应在高发季节针对高发地区的重点人群加强精准防控。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and epidemic characteristics of rabies in Shaanxi Province during 2009-2015, and to explore the regularity and trend of the occurrence of rabies in Shaanxi Province so as to provide basis for the targeted prevention and control strategy. Methods The surveillance data of rabies epidemic in Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2015 were collected for statistical analysis. Results A total of 274 rabies cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2015, with an annual incidence of 0.104 / 100 000, of which 21.9% were reported in 2012. June to October is the peak season of onset, the reported number of cases accounted for 56.2% of the total, again in August (12.8%) and September (12.4%) up. The cases were dominated by peasants, students and diasporas, accounting for 81.8%, 7.7% and 2.9% of the total respectively. The sex ratio of men and women was 2.34: 1, and the incidence curve of age was the two peaks of “age group ” and “age group ”. The cases were composed of 40-69 age group (68.6%) and 0-14 group %) Based. In 53.7% (58/108) counties in the province, there were case reports that the epidemic spread gradually from Shannan Pass to North Shaanxi, but the epidemic was still mainly dominated by Guanzhong and Southern Shaanxi Provinces. 48.2% of the cases were diagnosed within 3 days after their onset. The median time from onset to death was 9 days (quartile 6-18 days), and 39.8% died within 7 days after onset. Conclusions Shaanxi province rabies is predominantly predominant in southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong areas. Farmers, males, children under 15 years old and 40-69 years age groups are the key incidence population. Precise prevention and control should be given to key populations in high incidence areas during the high season.