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本研究比较了转化春小麦与原始冬小麦品种、转化春小麦与典型春小麦和典型春小麦与冬小麦品种间杂交 F_1代的表现。结果表明:转化春小麦与原始冬小麦品种杂交,F_1代中春性表现为显性,但在冬高加索×春高加索组合中,冬性却表现为显性。转化春小麦与原始冬小麦品种杂交,F_1代的抽穗期晚于转化春小麦。转化春小麦与典型春小麦杂交,F_1代抽穗期晚于典型春小麦,但早于典型春小麦与冬小麦杂交的 F_1代。转化春小麦与原始冬小麦品种杂交,F_1代的农艺性状不仅显著优于转化春小麦,有的也优于典型春小麦与冬小麦杂交的 F_1代。转化春小麦与典型春小麦杂交的 F_1代,多数农艺性状介于两亲本之间,但转化春小麦较高的千粒重不但稳定遗传,还表现出明显的杂种优势,超过转化春小麦。在春小麦的杂交育种中,用转化春小麦作亲本,对提高现有春小麦品种的千粒重,会产生良好的效果。
In this study, we compared the performance of F 1 generation between transformed spring wheat and original winter wheat varieties, transformed spring wheat and typical spring wheat and typical spring wheat and winter wheat varieties. The results showed that the cross between the transformed spring wheat and the original winter wheat was dominant in the F_1 generation. However, in the winter Caucasus × spring Caucasus combination, the winter was dominant. The transformed spring wheat was crossed with the original winter wheat varieties, and the F 1 generation had a later heading date than the transformed spring wheat. Transformed spring wheat crossed with typical spring wheat. F 1 generation of heading date was later than that of typical spring wheat but earlier than F 1 generation of typical spring wheat and winter wheat. Transformed spring wheat and original winter wheat varieties cross, F 1 generation agronomic traits are not only significantly better than the transformation of spring wheat, and some are better than the typical spring wheat and winter wheat F1 generation. Transformed spring F_1 generation of spring wheat and typical spring wheat, most agronomic traits were between parents, but the higher thousand-grain weight of transformed spring wheat was not only stable but also showed obvious heterosis, more than that of transformed spring wheat. In the crossbreeding of spring wheat, the transformation of spring wheat as a parent can improve the thousand-grain weight of the existing spring wheat varieties and produce good results.