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目的探讨机动车尾气污染区域的健康学龄儿童污染物暴露与肺功能、炎症因子之间的关系,为研究机动车尾气暴露对学龄儿童的健康影响提供科学依据。方法选择距离交通干道约30m的某小学及符合研究条件的50名学龄儿童作为研究对象,展开时间序列专门小组研究。在靠近教学区的操场内设立一个区域监测点,于2008年5月和11月各进行连续5d的区域NOx、NO2、SO2、O3、PM2.5污染水平在线监测,并使用只读便携式仪器连续3d监测具有代表性的学龄儿童活动点(课堂教学区、课外活动区、上学路上)的NO2、SO2、O3、PM10污染水平以及对个体暴露污染后学龄儿童的健康效应进行一次测量。结果研究区域以机动车尾气污染为主。11月肺功能指标FVC%低于5月,且有统计学意义(P=0.02),NO2与FVC%呈负相关且具有统计学意义(P=0.04)。11月IL-2、IL-6、IL-8水平低于5月,而11月IL-4、TNF-α水平高于5月,个体暴露与IL-2、IL-6、IL-8呈负相关关系,其中与IL-6的相关性最强(βPM10=-0.62,βNO2=-0.62,βO3=-0.64,βSO2=-0.63),且有统计学意义(P<0.01);与IL-4、TNF-α呈正相关关系,其中在PM10与IL-4、TNF-α的关系中,与TNF-α的相关系数最强(β=0.65),而NO2、O3、SO2与IL-4、TNF-α的关系中,则与IL-4的相关系数最大(βNO2=0.69,βO3=0.74,βSO2=0.74),且均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论健康学龄儿童肺功能的降低与机动车尾气污染暴露有关,外周血炎症因子IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α改变与机动车尾气污染关系明显。
Objective To explore the relationship between pollutants exposure and pulmonary function and inflammatory factors among school-age children with motor vehicle exhaust pollution and to provide a scientific basis for studying the health effects of motor vehicle exhaust on school-age children. Methods A primary school about 30m from the traffic artery and 50 schoolchildren who met the research conditions were selected as the research object, and a time series panel was selected. In the playground adjacent to the teaching area, a regional monitoring point was set up. In May and November 2008, on-line monitoring of NO x, NO 2, SO 2, O 3 and PM 2.5 levels for 5 days in a row and on a continuous basis with a read-only portable instrument To monitor the levels of NO2, SO2, O3 and PM10 in representative school-age children’s activity points (classroom teaching area, extra-curricular activities area and school-going way) and to measure the health effects of school-age children exposed to polluted individual. Results The study area mainly focused on vehicle exhaust pollution. The FVC% of lung function index in November was lower than that of May, and there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02). There was a negative correlation between NO2 and FVC% (P = 0.04). The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in November were lower than those in May, while the levels of IL-4 and TNF-α in November were higher than those in May. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL- (P <0.01). The correlation with IL-6 was the strongest (βPM10 = -0.62, βNO2 = -0.62, βO3 = -0.64, βSO2 = -0.63) 4, and TNF-α. Among them, the correlation coefficient between PM10 and IL-4 and TNF-α was the strongest (β = 0.65), while NO2, O3, SO2 and IL- TNF-α, the correlation coefficient with IL-4 was the highest (βNO2 = 0.69, βO3 = 0.74, βSO2 = 0.74), both of which were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions The decrease of pulmonary function in healthy school-aged children is related to the exposure of motor vehicle exhaust. The changes of inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α in peripheral blood are significantly correlated with vehicle exhaust pollution.