中国山水画在五代、宋元时期发展到高度成熟,后世多认为其原因主要是得益于哲学的革新。尤其是在宋代,因佛学、道家思想的影响,促使儒学传统的哲学思维和伦理探索发展到一个新的阶段,形成了中国文化思想史上一次重大的变革,产生了“新儒学”思想——理学,此后四百多年,理学一直是中国传统文化的主脉,滋养了当时山水画的思想土壤。“理”——朴素的宇宙本源观念,其实质就是万物生息之结构的基本规律,宋人山水体察甚微,画理缜密,其所体现的理性光辉正暗合了理学思想的精神。 Chinese landscape painting developed to a high degree of maturity in the Five Dynasties and the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and many later considered that the main reason for this is that it benefited from the innovation of philosophy. Especially in the Song Dynasty, due to the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism’s traditional philosophical thinking and ethical exploration were developed to a new stage, forming a major change in the history of Chinese cultural thought and creating the “New Confucianism” - Neo-Confucianism. Since then, Neo-Confucianism has always been the main artery of Chinese traditional culture and nourished the ideological soil of landscape painting at that time. “Reason ” - Simple concept of cosmic origin, the essence of which is the basic law of the structure of all things. The landscape of Song people has little observation and meticulous care. The rational brightness embodied by it reflects the spirit of Neo-Confucianism.