肾移植作为终末期肾病的常规有效的治疗方法,其取肾手术入路在近20年有了很大的进展。初始时是采取开放式活体取肾作为肾移植的手术方式,随着腹腔镜技术的日益成熟使腹腔镜下取肾替代了传统的开放式活体取肾。而今,经自然腔道内镜下手术的提出又使得经自然腔道取肾逐渐受到外科医师的关注,成为外科医师的新宠,其中经阴道供肾切取术为目前研究的主要方向。然而,由于各种手术设备及操作技术尚未完善等各方面原因,将经阴道供肾切取术广泛应用于临床仍不可能在短时间内实现。 As a routine and effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, renal transplantation has made great progress in recent 20 years. Initially, an open living kidney was taken as a surgical method for kidney transplantation. With the increasing maturity of laparoscopic techniques, laparoscopic removal of kidneys replaces the traditional open living kidney removal. Nowadays, the proposal of natural laparoscopic surgery makes surgeons become the new favorite of surgeons through natural laparotomy, of which transvaginal nephrectomy is the main research direction. However, due to a variety of surgical equipment and operation technology is not perfect and other reasons, transvaginal nephrectomy is widely used in clinical still can not be achieved in a short period of time.