【摘 要】
：
Complete separation of water and solute is the ultimate goal of water treatment,for maximized resource recycling.However,commercialized approaches such as evaporative crystallizers consume a large amount of electricity with a significant carbon footprint,
【机 构】
：
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro
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Complete separation of water and solute is the ultimate goal of water treatment,for maximized resource recycling.However,commercialized approaches such as evaporative crystallizers consume a large amount of electricity with a significant carbon footprint,leading to calls for alternative energy-efficient and eco-friendly strategies.Here,inspired by schooling fish,we demonstrate a collective system self-assembled by expanded polystyrene(EPS)-core/graphene oxide(GO)-shell particles,which enables autonomous,efficient and complete water-solute separation powered by sunlight.By taking advantage of surface tension,these tailored particles school together naturally and are bonded as a system to function collectively and coordinatively,to nucleate,grow and output salt crystals continuously and automatically out of even saturated brine,to complete water-solute separation.Solar-vapor conversion efficiency over 90％ and salt production rate as high as 0.39 kg m-2 h-1 are achieved under 1-sun illumination for this system.It reduces the carbon footprint of～50 kg for treating 1-ton saturated brine compared with the commercialized approaches.
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