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进境船舶压舱水是海洋外来生物传播的重要载体,对我国生物安全和生态环境形成了潜在威胁。本文分析了船舶压舱水的危害因素,概述了我国对压舱水及沉积物生物多样性的调查情况,研究了国际及国外主要国家压舱水立法及监管措施,对比我国压舱水管理立法和检疫监管现状,明确了我国压舱水监管工作中的不足,并提出监管对策,即完善一套法律法规体系,搭建协作管理和信息技术两个平台,构筑生物监测、风险预警、检疫监管等3大体系以及加强船舶压舱水监管应落实的4项具体措施。
The ballast water entering the ship is an important carrier of the marine biological transmission, which poses a potential threat to China’s biological safety and ecological environment. This paper analyzes the hazardous factors of ballast water in ships, summarizes the investigation on the biological diversity of ballast water and sediments in China, studies the legislation and regulatory measures of ballast water in major countries at home and abroad, compares the legislation of China’s ballast water management And quarantine and supervision of the status quo, a clear lack of regulatory work in China’s ballast water and put forward regulatory measures, that is, to improve a set of laws and regulations, to build collaborative management and information technology platform to build biomonitoring, risk warning, quarantine supervision 3 systems and four specific measures to be taken to strengthen the regulation of ship ballast water.