本文较为详尽地梳理了北魏经营与治理西域的整个过程,认为北魏对西域的经营与治理大致经过了准备期、治理期和消退期三个阶段,基本与北魏王朝自身的盛衰历程同步,也反映了历史上中原王朝经营与治理西域的一般性规律。北魏对西域经营与治理的态势主要受到其与柔然政治与军事关系的影响,而北魏自身的盛衰则起决定性作用;然而,不管政治与军事形势如何变化,西域与内地持续的经济和文化交往则将两者紧密联系起来。 This paper combs the whole process of the operation and governance of the Western Regions in the Northern Wei Dynasty in more detail and holds that the management and control of the Western Regions in the Northern Wei Dynasty have basically gone through three stages: preparation, governance and regression. They are basically in synch with the ups and downs of the Northern Wei dynasty itself, and also reflect The Central Plains dynasty historically operating and governing the general law of the Western Regions. The trend of the Northern Wei Dynasty’s operation and management of the Western Regions was mainly affected by its political and military relations with Rouran, while the ups and downs of the Northern Wei Dynasty played a decisive role. However, no matter how the political and military situation changed, the sustained economic and cultural exchanges between the Western Regions and the Mainland The two are closely linked.