造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)治疗血液系统恶性疾病和某些实体肿瘤已获得了很好的疗效。近年来,很多实验及临床尝试用HSCT治疗自身免疫性疾病并获得成功,其理论基础:自身免疫性疾病是多克隆干细胞病,因此通过造血干细胞移植重建一个具有自身耐受的新免疫系统,从而治愈自身免疫性疾病成为可能。大量的动物实验及临床治疗已取得了可喜的进展,其中神经系统自身免疫病多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的造血干细胞治疗是研究的热点之一,其治疗方法日渐成熟,成为难治性MS的治疗新选择。本文主要对造血干细胞(特别是自体外周血干细胞)移植治疗多发性硬化的研究进展作一综 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has achieved good results in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies and certain solid tumors. In recent years, many experimental and clinical attempts to treat autoimmune diseases with HSCT have achieved success. The rationale is that autoimmune diseases are polyclonal stem cell diseases. Therefore, a new immune system with self-tolerance is reconstructed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation It is possible to cure autoimmune diseases. A great deal of animal experiments and clinical treatment have made gratifying progress. Among them, hematopoietic stem cell therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) of the autoimmune disease of the nervous system is one of the hot spots of research, and its treatment method is gradually matured and become refractory MS treatment of new options. This article mainly summarizes the research progress on the treatment of multiple sclerosis by transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (especially autologous peripheral blood stem cells)