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目的分析城市女性乳腺癌高危人群的流行病学特征,为乳腺癌防治提供科学依据。方法以高危评估问卷、临床体格检查、乳腺B超和钼靶为基础,对24 016名城市女性开展乳腺癌筛查,并对筛查结果进行统计学分析。结果在24 016名参加问卷的妇女中,经问卷初筛评估为高危人群的有1890名,其中有14例被诊断为乳腺癌,乳腺癌筛查阳性率为0.583‰。单因素分析显示,乳腺癌检出率在饮酒习惯、精神压抑状况、月经初潮年龄、初育年龄、哺乳时长及乳腺癌家族史方面的差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,经常饮酒(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.53~4.17)、精神压抑(OR=3.20,95%CI:1.20~8.34)、哺乳时长≤12个月(OR=2.49,95%CI:1.23~5.18)以及有乳腺癌家族史(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.15~5.23)为影响本组人群乳腺癌检出率的独立影响因素。结论乳腺癌高危人群筛查策略是一种高效经济的筛查方式。经常饮酒、精神压抑、哺乳时长≤12个月以及有乳腺癌家族史人群是乳腺癌筛查过程中需重点关注的人群。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of high risk population of female breast cancer in urban areas and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Methods A total of 24 016 urban women were screened for breast cancer based on the high-risk assessment questionnaire, clinical examination, B-ultrasound and mammography. The screening results were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 24 016 women who participated in the questionnaire survey, 1890 were screened for high-risk population by questionnaire. Among them, 14 were diagnosed as breast cancer and the positive rate of breast cancer screening was 0.583 ‰. Univariate analysis showed that the detection rate of breast cancer in drinking habits, depression, menarche age, initial age, breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer differences were statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that regular drinking (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.53-4.17), depression (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.20-8.34), breastfeeding duration ≤12 months CI: 1.23-5.18) and family history of breast cancer (OR = 3.17,95% CI: 1.15-5.23) were independent influencing factors for the detection rate of breast cancer in this population. Conclusion Screening strategies at high risk of breast cancer are an efficient and economical screening method. Regular alcohol consumption, mental depression, breast-feeding duration ≤ 12 months and a family history of breast cancer patients is the breast cancer screening process should focus on the crowd.