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目的分析2004-2010年洋县47起学校传染病暴发疫情流行病学特征与影响因素,为有效指导和防控学校传染病疫情提供科学依据。方法收集、整理学校传染病暴发疫情流行病学等相关资料,并进行综合分析。结果 2004-2010年洋县共报告学校传染病暴发疫情47起,患者1 188例,波及人数20 900人,平均罹患率5.68%,其中农村学校暴发疫情平均罹患率高于城镇学校暴发疫情平均罹患率(χ2=5.75,P<0.05);每年5～6月、11～12月为学校传染病暴发疫情高发季节;疫情发生频率较高居前5位的病种分别为流行性感冒(18起690例)、流行性腮腺炎(8起151例)、手足口病(7起39例)、风疹(5起108例)、水痘(4起92例),肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病及其他传染病平均罹患率差别无统计学意义(χ2=2.93,P>0.05);学校卫生管理工作的薄弱及暴发疫情报告时间迟于法定报告时限要求,是造成疫情扩散的主要原因之一。结论洋县学校发生传染病暴发疫情的风险较高,农村学校是传染病疫情防控工作的重点;每年5～6月、11～12月份,流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、风疹、水痘等是学校传染病疫情监测和防控的重点。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of outbreaks of infectious diseases in 47 schools in Yangxian County from 2004 to 2010, and provide scientific basis for effectively guiding and preventing the epidemic of infectious diseases in schools. Methods Collecting, sorting out the epidemiology of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools and other related information, and conduct a comprehensive analysis. Results From 2004 to 2010, Yangxian County reported a total of 47 school outbreaks of infectious diseases, including 1 188 cases, affecting 20 900 people and an average attack rate of 5.68%. Among them, the average prevalence rate of outbreaks in rural schools was higher than that of urban school outbreaks (Χ2 = 5.75, P <0.05). From May to June each year, from November to December was the season for the outbreak of infectious diseases in schools. In the top 5 epidemics, the highest frequency of outbreaks were influenza (18 of 690 Cases of mumps (151 from 8), hand-foot-mouth disease (39 from 7), rubella (5 from 108), chickenpox (4 from 92), intestinal infections, respiratory infections and others The average incidence of infectious diseases was no significant difference (χ2 = 2.93, P> 0.05); school health management is weak and outbreak reporting time is later than the statutory reporting time limit, is one of the main causes of the spread of the epidemic. Conclusions There is a high risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases occurring in schools in Yangxian County. Rural schools are the focus of prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. From May to June of each year, from November to December of each year, influenza, mumps, HFMD, Rubella and chickenpox are the focuses of epidemic prevention and control of school infectious diseases.