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目的探讨Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠妊娠期高脂喂养对胎鼠心肌细胞的影响。方法选择清洁级SD大鼠,雄性10只、雌性20只,鼠龄96~103d,体重240~260g。适应性喂养3d后SD雌性大鼠与雄性大鼠按2∶1比例合笼过夜,次日早上检查,以阴道涂片发现精子为妊娠第0天。将孕鼠随机分为A、B两组,每组10只。A组予普通饲料喂养,B组予高脂饲料喂养,分别喂养至孕期的第21天。禁食16h采集血标本测定血脂。取胎鼠心肌组织,分别于光镜和电镜下观察心肌细胞结构的改变。结果孕第21天,与A组孕鼠比较,B组孕鼠血总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显升高(P=0.000),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显下降(P=0.001)。在光镜下观察两组胎鼠心肌细胞HE染色切片,B组细胞结构欠清晰,细胞存在水肿,细胞胞核形态不规则,细胞核内染色加深。两组胎鼠心肌组织超微结构观察提示:与A组比较,B组细胞内细胞器模糊,线粒体嵴断裂,数量减少等。结论高脂喂养的SD大鼠孕期存在脂代谢异常(高胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症),其胎鼠存在心肌细胞损害。
Objective To investigate the effects of high fat diet during pregnancy on fetal rat cardiomyocytes in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Clean SD rats were selected, 10 males and 20 females, aged from 96 to 103 days and weighing from 240 to 260 g. After adaptive feeding, female SD rats and male rats were caged overnight at a ratio of 2: 1 and checked up the next morning. Sperm was found on day 0 of pregnancy by vaginal smear. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into A, B two groups, each group of 10. Group A was fed with normal feed, Group B was fed with high fat diet and fed to the 21st day of pregnancy respectively. Fasting 16h Blood samples were collected for the determination of blood lipids. Myocardial tissue of fetus was taken and the changes of myocardial cell structure were observed under light microscope and electron microscope respectively. Results On the 21st day of pregnancy, blood total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P = 0.000), while HDL cholesterol was significantly decreased (P = 0.001). Under light microscope, the HE staining sections of fetal rat cardiomyocytes were observed. The cell structure of group B was not clear, the cells were edematous, the morphology of cell nucleus was irregular and the staining of nucleus was deepened. Ultrastructural observation of fetal rat myocardial tissue in both groups showed that compared with group A, the intracellular organelles in group B were vague, mitochondrial cristae were broken, and the number was decreased. Conclusion The abnormal lipid metabolism (hypercholesterolemia, high-density low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) in SD rats fed with high fat diet during pregnancy may cause cardiomyocyte damage in fetal rats.