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对于高速通用计算机来说,二进制要比十进制好得多。二进制的运算器比较简单,数字比较紧凑,因此算术运算的速度也较高。一个比较不明显但也许是更重要的好处是,二进制选数系统以及指令形式能够提高整个计算机的性能。对于某些有用的操作同样也需要用到二进制地址系统,这些操作若采用十进制指令形式不是现实可行的。在另一方面,计算机与人之间的通讯却需要用到十进制。当数据处理过程中具有大量十进制的输入输出数据时,如果采用二进制计算机,化费在十二进制转换方面的时间就十分可观。在这种情况下,作一次加法以及两次转换,一个速度较低的十进制加法器也许会比快速二进制加法器来得快。对十进制及二进制的优缺点进行了仔细的比较之后,我们决定在国际商业机器公司的Stretch计算机中对二进制及十进制运算都采用二进制选数系统,并增添了一些有效的转换指令。
For high-speed general purpose computers, binary is much better than decimal. The binary calculator is relatively simple, the number is more compact, so the arithmetic speed is higher. A less obvious but perhaps more important benefit is that the binary selection system and the form of instructions can improve the performance of the entire computer. For some useful operations also need to use the binary address system, these operations if the form of decimal instructions is not feasible. On the other hand, computer-to-human communication requires the use of decimal. When there is a large amount of decimal I / O data during data processing, the time spent on converting the binary data is considerable if a binary computer is used. In this case, a single addition and two conversions, a slower decimal adder may be faster than a fast binary adder. After a careful comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of decimal and binary, we decided to use a binary selection system for both binary and decimal arithmetic at International Business Machines Corp. Stretch computers and added some valid conversion instructions.