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作物育种和良种繁育的基本功是选择。人工选择的基础是变异,选择的对象上要是属于数量性状(如棉花的单铃重,单株成铃数、衣分、绒长等)的经济性状;而数量性状的变异,一方面受到遗传的控制(种和品种的特性),另一方面又受到环境条件的影响,这二者常常混淆在一起,不易分清。而从育种工作的角度看,只有遗传性变异才是能加以利用的,而由环境影响发生的变异,大多是不能遗传的。因此,育种工作者要善于区别这两类变异——可以遗传的遗传性变异和不能遗传的环境变异,并估计其相对大小
The basic skill of crop breeding and breeding is to choose. Artificial selection is based on variation, and the selected objects are economic traits if they belong to quantitative traits (such as single boll weight per plant, number of bolls per plant, lint percentage, cashmere length, etc.); and the variation of quantitative traits, on the one hand, (Species and breed characteristics) on the one hand, and environmental conditions on the other, are often confused and difficult to distinguish. From the perspective of breeding work, only genetic variation can be utilized, and most of the genetic variation that occurs in the environment can not be inherited. Therefore, breeders should be good at distinguishing between these two types of variation - heritable hereditary variations and non-heritable environmental variations and their relative sizes