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制定和执行公共政策是政府运作的基本方式,政府职能的任何变化往往都会通过政策的调整和变化表现出来。借助于不同的政策类型理论,运用内容分析法对我国1978年至2014年中央政府颁布的高等教育政策文本进行分析,发现改革开放以来中央政府在高等教育领域的职能虽有所转变但整体上有限:一方面政府在很大程度上仍然扮演着“生产者”的角色,政府管理的范围涉及高等教育机构的诸多“校本事务”;另一方面政府依然习惯于采用强制性的作用方式进行管理,尤其是在“校本事务”领域,其运用强制性作用方式的比例远远高于其作为“供给者”时的比例;第三,执政党对高等教育的管理呈现出不断扩大和增强的趋势。
The formulation and implementation of public policies are the basic modes of operation of the government. Any changes in government functions are often manifested through the adjustment and change of policies. By means of different types of policy theories and content analysis, this paper analyzes the policy text of higher education promulgated by the Central Government from 1978 to 2014 and finds that although the functions of the Central Government in higher education have changed since the reform and opening up, the overall effect of the reform has been limited : On the one hand, the government still plays a large part the role of “producer”. The scope of government administration covers many “school-based affairs” of higher education institutions. On the other hand, the government is still accustomed to adopting a mandatory role Especially in the field of “school-based affairs”, the proportion of its use of mandatory mode of action is far higher than that of its “supplier.” Third, the ruling party’s management of higher education is presented The trend of continuous expansion and enhancement.