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苏联解体以来,俄罗斯的高尔基研究出现了引人注目的变化。在一股短暂的否定和攻击的浪潮过后,高尔基著作的继续整理出版,相关文献资料的不断发掘,新的研究成果的相继问世,均表明高尔基仍然是当代俄罗斯学术界高度重视的作家。研究者们在对高尔基作品进行重新解读和阐释的基础上,更加注重考察高尔基与20世纪俄罗斯文学进程、同时代作家、俄国革命及其领袖人物的关系,更为关注作家晚期思想的矛盾、变化及其在创作中的体现。在研究观念和方法上,研究者们抛弃了以往那种简单的二元对立模式和政治评判的视角,坚持从高尔基作品文本和文学史实出发,注意以整体联系和有机统一的观点来看待作家的全部思想和创作。这一切恰恰是目前国内的高尔基研究所缺乏的,也是这一研究在国内相对滞后的重要原因。
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, noticeable changes have taken place in Russia’s Gorky research. After a brief period of negation and attack, Gorky’s work continues to be published, the continuous discovery of relevant documents and the advent of new research results show that Gorky remains a highly regarded writer in contemporary Russian academic circles. Based on the reinterpretation and interpretation of Gorky’s works, the researchers pay more attention to the study of the relationship between Gorky and the process of Russian literature in the 20th century, the contemporary writers and the Russian revolution and its leaders, and pay more attention to the contradictions and changes in the late writers’ thoughts And its embodiment in creation. In the research ideas and methods, researchers abandon the simple perspective of binary opposition and political judgment in the past. Insisting on the textual and literary historical facts of Gorky, we should pay attention to the writer’s view of the writer All ideas and creation. All this is precisely the current lack of Gorky Institute, but also the relative lagging behind in this study an important reason.