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巴里坤地处新疆天山北路东部地区,被誉为“新疆咽喉”。巴里坤是清代新疆地震多发区。其中,清代道光二十二年五月初三至初五巴里坤爆发了7.5级大地震。中国第一历史档案馆的宫中朱批奏折档、台北故宫博物院的宫中朱批奏折档、道光朝上谕档、军机处录副奏折等至少14份清宫藏地震档案极为翔实地记载了此次大地震的相关事宜。这在清代新疆地震史乃至清代全国地震史上堪称罕见。笔者据以上档案等概述了新疆巴里坤大地震的情况,论述了清廷采取的抚恤灾民、官员捐廉、借贷银两、捐款修城、派拨兵遣、起用废员、提拔官员等赈灾对策,进而剖析这些对策的利弊,从而使我们借鉴其合理对策且警惕其不妥对策,这对当今的防灾减灾工作有重要的现实意义。
Barry Kun is located in the eastern part of Tianshan North Road in Xinjiang, known as “Xinjiang throat ”. Barkhun is an earthquake-prone area in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the Qing Dynasty Daoguang twenty-two years from May 3 to the fifth day of the Barkhun 7.5 magnitude earthquake. At the Palace of the First Historical Archives of China, Zhu Zhuzhu archives, at the Palace Museum in Taipei Gongzhongzhu Zhuzhe archives, Daoguangnupu Encyclopaedia, military aircraft at the memorial archives, etc. At least 14 copies of the Qing court possession of the earthquake archives recorded this large Earthquake related issues. This is rare in the history of the earthquake in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty and even in the history of the Qing Dynasty. According to the above files, the author summarizes the situation of the Barkhun Earthquake in Xinjiang, and discusses the disaster relief measures taken by the Qing government such as pledging disaster victims, officials’ donations of money and loans and loans, donations to repair cities, dispatching troops to send troops, using abandoned personnel and promoting officials, And then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these measures, so that we can learn from their reasonable countermeasures and be wary of its improper countermeasures, which is of great practical significance in today’s disaster prevention and mitigation work.