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在我国,绝大多数的石油钻机都采用柴油机传动。柴油机传动的尺寸小、重量轻和效率高等优点,使它在勘探井、新油田钻井和缺电源地区的钻井中具有独特的优越性。柴油机传动的缺点是起动性能差、转矩余量小(只允许超载10—15％)和调节范围狭。为了使柴油机的外特性更好地满足石油钻机的工作要求,必须在柴油机和传动装置间按装涡轮传动(涡轮偶合器或涡轮变矩器)。美国从30年代初期开始在石油钻机中试用涡轮传动,当时主要采用涡轮偶合器,而从50年代以后,涡轮变矩器获得了广泛的应用。苏联从40年代初期在石油钻机上开始进行涡轮传动的工业试验,当时仅采用涡轮变矩器,而从50年代
In our country, the vast majority of oil rigs are powered by diesel engines. The small size, light weight and high efficiency of a diesel drive make it uniquely suited for drilling in exploration wells, new oilfield drilling and power shortage areas. The disadvantage of diesel engine transmission is poor starting performance, small torque margin (only allow 10-15% overload) and narrow adjustment range. In order to make the diesel engine’s external characteristics better meet the requirements of the oil drilling rig, turbine drive (turbine coupling or turbine torque converter) must be installed between the diesel engine and the transmission. Since the early 1930’s, the United States began to test turbine drives in oil rigs, mainly using turbo couplings. However, since the 1950s, turbine torque converters have been widely used. The Soviets began industrial trials of turbine drives on oil rigs from the early 1940s when only turbochargers were used and from the 1950s