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结构现实主义理论认为,国家在国际结构中所处的位置,是决定该国对外政策的主要因素。金砖国家的经济总量、国土幅员、人口规模、国际地位等方面的综合因素,决定了它们在当今国际结构处于基本一致的位置,因此也应具有相同或相似的对外政策。这意味着金砖国家之间既会因为共同的利益而加强团结和合作,也会因为同质性的诉求而存在竞争。认清这种复杂态势下的合作潜力及其限制,是制定相应外交政策的前提和基础。总的来说,金砖国家在经贸、投资、全球经济治理、碳排放、全球发展、全球伙伴关系等低等政治领域存在巨大的合作潜力;但在政治、军事等高等政治领域的合作则需要谨慎。
Structural realist theory holds that the position of a country in its international structure is a major factor in determining its foreign policy. The comprehensive factors of the total economic volume, the size of the land, the size of the population, and the international status of the BRICS countries determine that they are basically in a consistent position in today’s international structure and should therefore have the same or similar foreign policy. This means that BRICS countries will both strengthen their solidarity and cooperation because of their common interests and will also compete because of their homogenous demands. A clear understanding of the potential for cooperation under this complex situation and its limitations are the preconditions and foundations for formulating the corresponding foreign policy. In sum, BRICS countries have great potential for cooperation in such low-level political fields as economy and trade, investment, global economic governance, carbon emissions, global development and global partnership. However, cooperation in higher political fields such as politics and military needs cautious.