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近年来化学实验室在使用高氯酸冒烟时曾发生爆炸事故多起,主要原因是在高温时高氯酸与有机物接触引起的,如鞍钢,武钢,包钢和钢铁研究总院都曾发生过类似爆炸,有的是在冒高氯酸烟时偶然掉进有机物(如通风柜顶的朽木屑或高氯酸冒烟时与蒸发有机物在同一通风柜内进行),有的是因硝酸未能将有机物完全破坏而引起的,特别是一些高沸点的有机物,如:(CH_3)_4NCl_2、甘油等不易被硝酸破坏,在高氯酸冒烟时即会引起剧烈爆炸。本期发表鞍钢钢研所董晓魁同志一文,对此作了详细调研,值得引起注意。从两封读者来信,亦可了解这一问题的共同性。为此建议有关部门对现行国家标准GB259S—81“冶金分析化学实验室安全标准”进行必要的补充修订。各实验室亦应采取相应安全措施,对不易被硝酸分解有机物的破坏,要在可靠的安全防护下先作小剂量的破坏试验,取得安全保证后再作成批分析,以防类似事故再度发生。
In recent years, chemical laboratories in the use of perchloric acid smoke occurred in the explosion occurred many times, mainly due to exposure to perchloric acid and organic matter at high temperatures, such as Anshan Iron and Steel, Wuhan Iron and Steel, Baotou Steel and Iron and Steel Research Institute have occurred A similar explosion, some occasional fall into the high-chloraldehyde into organic matter (such as the top of the fume hood or perchloric acid smoke with volatile organic matter in the same fume hood), some because of nitric acid can not be completely organic Destruction caused, especially some high-boiling organic matter, such as: (CH_3) _4NCl_2, glycerol and other hard to be destroyed by nitric acid, perchloric acid smoke will cause violent explosion. This issue of Comrade Dong Xiaokui Ansteel Steel Institute article, which made a detailed investigation, it is worth attention. Letters from two readers also understand the commonality of the issue. To this end suggest that the relevant departments of the current national standard GB259S-81 “Metallurgical analytical chemistry laboratory safety standards” to make the necessary additional amendments. The laboratories should also take appropriate safety measures, not easy to be broken down by nitric acid decomposition of organic matter, to be in the first place for a small dose of sabotage safety testing, safety assurance after making a batch analysis to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents.