论文部分内容阅读
大规模虫害爆发可造成区域森林死亡,近年的气候变化进一步增加了虫害的频度和危害程度。森林和林地植物死亡会导致植被生产力降低,改变生态系统结构和功能,使森林由一个净的碳汇转变为一个碳源。因此,加深虫害对树木危害机制的认识有重要意义。虫害造成的叶损失(虫害叶损失)降低树木光合作用能力,增加非结构性碳(NSC)消耗,使得树木体内碳储备降低,NSC降低到一定程度会导致树木因碳饥饿而死亡。外部环境和树木自身的补偿性机制也会对这个过程产生正或负的影响。在近年气候变化背景下,树木死亡在全球尺度上增多,重新激起了人们对碳饥饿的重视,碳饥饿被视为解释树木死亡的主要生理机制之一。该文介绍了碳饥饿的定义,综述了虫害叶损失减少树木NSC储备与树木生长、死亡的关系,以及树木虫害和叶损失与气候变化之间的关系,并对今后的研究进行了展望。
Large-scale pest outbreaks can cause forest deaths in the region, and climate change in recent years has further increased the frequency and degree of harm of pests. The death of forests and woodland plants leads to reduced productivity of vegetation, changes in ecosystem structure and function, and the conversion of forests from a net carbon sink to a carbon source. Therefore, it is of great importance to deepen the understanding of pest damage mechanisms of trees. Leaf damage caused by insect pests (pest leaf loss) reduces tree photosynthesis and increases non-structural carbon (NSC) depletion, resulting in reduced carbon stocks in trees, and the reduction of NSC to some extent can result in tree death from carbon starvation. The external environment and the tree’s own compensatory mechanisms also have a positive or a negative effect on the process. In recent years, climate change in the context of tree deaths on a global scale increased, re-ignited the importance of carbon hunger, carbon starvation is considered to explain the death of trees one of the major physiological mechanisms. This paper introduces the definition of carbon starvation, summarizes the relationship between the loss of insect pests and the reduction of tree NSC reserves, the relationship between tree growth and mortality, the relationship between tree pests and leaf loss and climate change, and prospects for future research.