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制度与文学的关系是我们古代文学研究不可避免的话题。要想研究一个文本必须先了解其所处的时代背景,因为这样便于我们从根源抓住作者的意图。而这个所谓的时代背景我认为它就是当时政治经济等社会制度的缩影,或者说影射。制度对文学的影响具有正反两个方面的。文学在一定程度上会顺从制度的发展,但是当制度不再具有普遍的公正性,即它成为了维护上层统治阶级的利益而牺牲了人民大众的合法利益时,文学就会表现出强烈的反制度意识。我认为吴敬梓的《儒林外史》就是这其中的佼佼者。
The relationship between system and literature is an unavoidable topic in the study of ancient Chinese literature. To study a text must first understand its background in the times, because this allows us to grasp the author’s intentions from the root causes. And this so-called background of the times I think it is the epitome of the social system such as the political economy at the time, or filming. The influence of institution on literature has both positive and negative aspects. To a certain extent, literature will obey the development of the system. However, when the system no longer has the universal fairness that it has sacrificed the legitimate interests of the general public at the expense of safeguarding the interests of the upper ruling class, literature will show a strong anti- Institutional awareness. I think Wu Jingzi’s “Scholars” is one of the best.