[目的]探讨血清miR-194在结直肠癌诊断和预后判断中的价值。[方法]采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测60例结直肠癌患者和60例健康志愿者血清miR-194的相对表达水平,并分析miR-194表达与结直肠癌患者预后的关系。[结果]结直肠癌患者的血清miR-194水平显著低于健康对照者(P<0.05)。按照血清miR-194相对定量值(临界值为1.015)进行结直肠癌诊断时的敏感性为70.0%,特异性为78.3%,阳性预测值为76.3%,阴性预测值为72.3%。血清miR-194可产生最大受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.86(95%CI:0.79~0.92)。N分期、c TNM分期、血清miR-194表达水平是结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。[结论]血清miR-194可能是一种新的非侵入性指标用于结直肠癌患者的诊断及预后判断。 [Objective] To investigate the value of serum miR-194 in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. [Methods] The relative expression of serum miR-194 in 60 patients with colorectal cancer and 60 healthy volunteers was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The relationship between miR-194 expression and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer was analyzed. [Results] The level of serum miR-194 in patients with colorectal cancer was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (P <0.05). According to the relative quantitative value of serum miR-194 (the cut-off value of 1.015), the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of colorectal cancer were 70.0%, 78.3%, 76.3% and 72.3% respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum miR-194 producing the largest subject working characteristic curve was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.92). N stage, c TNM stage, and serum miR-194 expression were independent risk factors for prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Serum miR-194 may be a new non-invasive marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.