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明清之际,王船山一方面在其庄学专书中严格区分庄子与老子之学,并认为庄高于老。但另一方面,在其他的大量著述中,他却又屡屡混同老庄,罔顾庄子之学的独特性,不加区分地指斥二者。这种自相矛盾的理论观念,当归因于船山著述的文本类型差异、不同著述所涵涉的思想语境差异,以及处于衰乱之世中其醇儒品格和遗民孤困之心的纠结。
On the occasion of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Wang Chuanshan, on the one hand, made a strict distinction between Chuang Tzu and Lao Tzu in his Zhuang Xuezhuang’s book and considered it higher than the old one. However, on the other hand, in numerous other writings, he frequently confused Lao Tzu with the uniqueness of Chuang Tzu’s studies and denounced both indiscriminately. This self-contradictory theory is attributed to the differences in the types of texts of Chuanshan’s writings, the ideological and contextual differences involved in the different writings, and the entanglement of his mellow character and the lonely heart of his descendants in a decadent world.