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盐城自然保护区是西太平洋海岸重要湿地自然保护区之一,对维护生物多样性和区域生态安全有着重要的作用。以盐城自然保护区核心区为研究对象,以1983年、1992年、2000年、2012年4个不同时期的遥感影像为基础,运用以GISRS技术,结合景观生态学方法,分析江苏盐城国家级自然保护区景观演变特征及驱动力机制。结果表明:1)1983—2012年,保护区景观结构变化主要表现为米草沼泽和芦苇沼泽面积不断扩张,光滩和碱蓬沼泽面积明显萎缩。其中,芦苇沼泽和米草沼泽面积分别增加了85.82%、515.61%,碱蓬沼泽和光滩面积分别减少了80.62%、63.32%。2)1983—2012年,景观分维数从1.052 3下降到1.033 2,景观多样性指数从1.291 7上升到1.681 9,优势度由0.654 2下降到0.264 0,均匀度则由0.663 8上升到0.864 0,表明景观受到人为干扰逐渐增大,景观的斑块形状有着向规则化发展的趋势,景观多样化呈上升趋势。3)1983—2012年,保护区景观演替主要表现为光滩转变为米草沼泽,碱蓬沼泽转变为芦苇沼泽和米草沼泽。其中39 320 hm2的光滩转变为米草沼泽,12 447 hm2碱蓬沼泽转变为芦苇沼泽和米草沼泽。4)保护区景观演变受到自然的和人为双重因素作用。自然因素主要是海岸地貌过程、植被的自然演替以及互花米草的引入,人为因素包括人工恢复芦苇沼泽、拦水堤坝和中路港的修建以及政策导向。
Yancheng Nature Reserve is one of the important wetland nature reserves on the west Pacific coast and plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity and regional ecological security. Taking the core area of Yancheng Nature Reserve as the research object and based on the remote sensing images of 1983, 1992, 2000 and 2012, the author uses GIS RS technology and landscape ecology methods to analyze the effects of Yancheng Landscape Evolution Features and Driving Forces Mechanism of National Nature Reserve. The results showed as follows: 1) From 1983 to 2012, the change of landscape structure of the reserve mainly showed that the area of grassland and reed marsh continued to expand, and the area of light beach and the soda canopy shrank conspicuously. Among them, the area of reed marsh and grass of marsh grass increased by 85.82% and 515.61% respectively, and the areas of Suaeda swamp and Guangtan area decreased by 80.62% and 63.32% respectively. 2) From 1983 to 2012, the fractal dimension of landscape decreased from 1.052 3 to 1.033 2, the landscape diversity index increased from 1.291 7 to 1.6819, the dominance decreased from 0.654 2 to 0.264 0, and the evenness increased from 0.663 8 to 0.864 0, indicating that the landscape has been gradually increased by human interference, landscape patch shape has the tendency to regularization, landscape diversification is on the rise. 3) From 1983 to 2012, the succession of landscape changes in the reserve mainly reflected that the light beach was transformed into the grasshopper, and that the sap of the alkali cape transformed into the reed swamp and the grasshopper. Among them, 39 320 hm2 of light beach was transformed into Spartina alterniflora and 12 447 hm2 Suaophylla swamp into reed swamp and Spartina alterniflora. 4) The evolution of the landscape of protected areas is affected by both natural and man-made factors. Natural factors are mainly the coastal landform process, the natural succession of vegetation and the introduction of Spartina alterniflora. Artificial factors include the artificial restoration of reed swamps, the construction of water blocking dams and Middle Road Port, and policy guidance.