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新疆杂草黑麦(Secale cereale subsp.segetale Zhuk.)是我国发现的一种稀有野生黑麦资源,具有极强的抗病、抗逆性和优异的丰产性状。为系统了解该特殊种质资源的生物学特征,并为这一珍贵种质资源应用于远缘杂交育种、牧草种质开发及其生物多样性保护提供基础的细胞学依据,选取新疆杂草黑麦的一个居群89R38,观察分析其花粉母细胞的减数分裂行为规律及其根尖细胞的核型特点。结果表明,89R38的绝大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂中染色体的行为正常,在终变期同源染色体配对可形成7个二价体,而在少数花粉母细胞减数分裂中(2.06%)观察到落后染色体、染色体桥等异常行为;成熟花粉粒的醋酸洋红染色反应检测其花粉粒的育性为99.08%;核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,核型为1A型。
Xinjiang weed (Secale cereale subsp. Segetale Zhuk.) Is a rare wild rye resource found in China, with extremely strong resistance, stress resistance and excellent yield traits. To understand systematically the biological characteristics of this special germplasm resource and provide a basic cytological basis for the application of this precious germplasm resource in distant hybridization and forage germplasm development and its biodiversity conservation, Xinjiang weed black 89R38, a population of wheat, was observed and analyzed for the meiosis behavior of pollen mother cells and the karyotype characteristics of root tip cells. The results showed that the majority of 89R38 pollen mother cells meiosis chromosome normal behavior at the end of the homologous chromosome pairing can form seven bivalents, and in a few pollen mother cell meiosis (2.06%), The abnormal behavior such as backward chromosome and chromosome bridge was observed. The pollen grain fertility of mature pollen grains was 99.08% by acetic acid magenta staining. The karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 14 = 12m + 2sm and the karyotype was 1A.