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目的:调查分析疫苗的使用损耗情况及影响因素,提出合理化建议,提高疫苗使用率。方法:对典型剂型疫苗按不同地域类型地区和不同接种方式调查分析其损耗系数及其影响因素。结果:多人份疫苗损耗系数较大,卡介苗为3.44,百白破为2.18,单人份疫苗损耗系数小并差别不大;疫苗损耗系数在不同地域类型有显著差异:城市最低(1.25),山区(1.51)最高;多人份疫苗如卡介苗分散式接种损耗系数(5.62)明显高于乡集中接种(3.88)和城关集中接种(2.28);按日接种损耗系数(1.5)、按周接种(1.29)和按月接种(1.22)差别较小。结论:供应多人份剂型的疫苗是造成疫苗损耗的直接因素;应按不同地域类型计划分配疫苗,推广乡级集中式接种和依人口密度选择适当的接种周期。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the use loss of vaccines and its influencing factors, put forward reasonable suggestions and improve the rate of vaccine use. Methods: The loss factors and influential factors of typical vaccine were investigated according to different types of regions and different inoculation methods. Results: The loss coefficient of multi-vaccine was large, with BCG of 3.44 and diphtheria breviscapus of 2.18. The loss coefficient of single vaccine was small with little difference. The vaccine loss coefficient was significantly different in different types of area: the lowest in city (1.25), the lowest (1.51) was the highest in mountainous areas. The distributed loss coefficient (5.62) of multi-vaccine such as BCG was significantly higher than that of township (3.88) and Chengguan (2.28) 1.29) and monthly vaccination (1.22) are less variable. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-dose forms of vaccines are the direct cause of vaccine losses. Vaccines should be planned according to the type of area to promote centralized level vaccination at the township level and select the appropriate vaccination cycle based on population density.