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河流的流域是由多种资源组成的总体!也是流域内生物与其生存环境构成的生态系统,在这个生态系统中,人是主人。流域开发战略的制定必须考虑国家需要,有利于经济发展、社会发展和环境质量的提高。研究流域开发的战略问题必须抓住影响全局的问题和发展的要求。文中提出首先设法减免自然灾害,促使流域生态系统良性循环,合理分配和注意协调各部门、各地区的需水矛盾,保护水环境,保护土壤资源,考虑远景发展对要求改变等,统一作好流域的水资源规划,土地利用规划和环境规划是战略性的问题。一个流域的洪、涝、旱、碱灾害发生的频度和水、土资源污染、流失、利用的情况是流域开发战略思想正确与否的标志。因而研究流域上、中、下游上述问题的情况,才能找出其应解决的重点,制定水土资源制控、利用的方向。
The river basin is composed of a variety of resources. It is also an ecosystem composed of living organisms and living environments in the basin. In this ecosystem, people are the masters. The formulation of a basin development strategy must take into account national needs and be conducive to economic development, social development, and improvement of environmental quality. To study the strategic issues of basin development, we must grasp the issues that affect the overall situation and the requirements for development. The paper proposes to first try to reduce or eliminate natural disasters, promote a virtuous circle of ecosystems in river basins, rationally allocate and pay attention to the coordination of water demand contradictions in various departments and regions, protect the water environment, and protect soil resources, and consider the development of long-term development to change requirements and so on. Water resources planning, land use planning and environmental planning are strategic issues. The occurrence frequency of floods, floods, droughts, and alkalis, and the pollution, loss, and utilization of water and soil resources in a watershed are the signs of the correctness of the strategic thinking for basin development. Therefore, by studying the above problems in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river basin, we can find out the key points that should be solved and formulate the directions for the control and utilization of land and water resources.