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本文回顾了我国杂交粳稻育种发展历程,包括滇型、BT型不育系的发现、利用以及“籼粳架桥”方法选育配合力强的C57,C418等杂交粳稻恢复系的过程.同时,针对近年来杂交粳稻制种产量提高以及杂种优势利用等关键性技术研究进展做了以下总结:(1)提高柱头外露率、柱头活力,提升制种产量.柱头外露率同颖花长宽比、柱头长度以及柱头张角呈显著相关性,针对柱头外露率的遗传学研究以及分子标记辅助选择已取得一定进展.(2)开展粳稻优势群及配组模式研究促进杂交粳稻优势利用.在粳稻亲本材料划分为不同优势组群的基础上,提出了籼粳互补、感温与感光互作及穗粒结构互补的优势配组模式,其注重运用籼粳亚种间优势利用、广亲和基因与恢复基因利用、叶片和根系抗衰性的利用以及大穗灌浆特性和抗倒伏特性的运用.本文为进一步促进杂交粳稻选育和应用推广提供了技术性建议和策略.
This paper reviewed the development history of japonica hybrid rice breeding in China, including the discovery and utilization of Dian type and BT type sterile lines and the breeding of C57 and C418 hybrid japonica restorer lines with “indica-japonica bridging” method. In the meantime, the following summarization is made on the research progress of the key technologies such as the increased yield of hybrid japonica seed production and the utilization of heterosis in recent years: (1) The stigma exsertion rate and stigma activity are increased and the seed yield is increased. The length of stigma and the stigma of stigma were significantly correlated with each other, some progress has been made in genetic studies on the stigma exsertion rate and molecular marker-assisted selection. (2) To study the dominant groups and their matching patterns in japonica rice to promote the superior utilization of japonica hybrid rice Japonica rice parents were divided into different groups based on the advantages of indica and japonica complementary, temperature and photoperiod interaction and grain structure of the complementary advantages of the group pattern, which pay attention to the use of indica and japonica subspecies advantages, wide compatibility Utilization of genes and restorer genes, utilization of leaf and root resistance, and application of big-ear grouting and lodging resistance.In order to further promote the breeding and application of japonica hybrid rice It provides technical advice and strategies.