两例患者因肺结核咯血静脉滴注垂体后叶素出现渗透性脱髓鞘综合征。例1为45岁男性患者,首日静脉滴注垂体后叶素10U,第2、3、4天为24～36U/d。第5天停药。因再现咯血,给予垂体后叶素24U/d,共2d。之后,患者出现烦躁不安、言语混乱,四肢不自主运动、实验室检查示血钠110mmol/L,补钠治疗2d后血钠升为134mmol/L。头颅MRI示双侧尾状核、豆状核对称性长T1、T2信号改变。经对症治疗后,患者症状有所好转。 Two patients had osmotic demyelination syndrome due to vasopressin infusion of pulmonary tuberculosis by hemoptysis. Example 1 is a 45-year-old male patient, the first day intravenous infusion of vasopressin 10U, 2,3,4 days 2,3,4 to 36U / d. Day 5 withdrawal. Due to the recurrence of hemoptysis, given pituitrin 24U / d, a total of 2d. After that, the patient developed restlessness, verbal confusion and involuntary movements of his limbs. Laboratory tests showed that serum sodium was 110 mmol / L, and sodium supplementation was 134 mmol / L after sodium supplementation for 2 days. Head MRI showed bilateral caudate nucleus, symmetry of lentiform nucleus long T1, T2 signal changes. After symptomatic treatment, the patient’s symptoms have improved.