一、前言1、腐蚀的严重程度据统计,美国每年因腐蚀要多耗3.4%的能源,1975年美国由于腐蚀造成的经济损失约为700亿美元,为当年国民经济生产总值的4.2%,而1986年高达1260亿美元,1995年升高到3000亿美元。我国每年因腐蚀造成的经济损失高达2800亿元,比每年的风灾、水灾、地震、火灾等自然灾害的总和还要多,在“十一五”期间,管道腐蚀造成的损失若能降低一个百分点,每年就可减少经济损失数百亿元。 I. Foreword 1. The severity of corrosion According to statistics, the U.S. consumes 3.4% more energy each year due to corrosion. In 1975, the U.S. economic loss due to corrosion was about 70 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 4.2% of the GNP of that year. Up from 126 billion U.S. dollars in 1986 to 300 billion U.S. dollars in 1995. The annual economic losses caused by corrosion in China are as high as 280 billion yuan, more than the sum of annual natural disasters such as windstorms, floods, earthquakes and fires. If the losses due to pipeline corrosion can be reduced during the “Eleventh Five-year” period, A percentage point can reduce the economic loss by tens of billions yuan every year.