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在问题解决过程中,思维障碍是影响学生学习效果的重要因素.研究发现,思维障碍主要体现在4个方面:一是先入为主形成的思维障碍;二是负迁移形成的思维障碍;三是思维片面性形成的思维障碍;四是不善于运用数学工具形成的思维障碍.本文以“机械效率”的教学为例,分析与诊断了初中学生在物理学习中思维障碍的成因,提出了相应的教学对策:转换视角,另辟蹊径;分类比较,把握本质;由表及里,交叉思维;数形互译,递进思维.
In the process of problem solving, thinking disorder is an important factor that affects the learning effect of students.The study found that thinking disorders mainly reflected in four aspects: First, preconceived thinking obstacle formed; Second, negative migration formed thinking obstacles; Third, thinking one-sidedness The fourth is not good at using mathematical tools to form the thinking obstacle.This paper takes the teaching of “mechanical efficiency” as an example, analyzes and diagnoses junior middle school students’ thinking obstacles in physics study, and puts forward corresponding teaching Strategy: the conversion perspective, another way; classification comparison, grasp the essence; from the table, the cross-thinking; mutual translation of numbers, progressive thinking.