The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model is widely used in many disciplines such as ecology and economics. The model consists of a pair of first-order nonlinear d
A natural force has been proposed, which is required to prevent the fusion and disappearance of the discrete electrical charges that are present on electrostati
The differential geometry of curves on a hypersphere in the Euclidean space reflects instantaneous properties of spherecal motion. In this work, we give some re