To study the biocompatibility of CFR/PEEK composite in bone tissue after implanted in lumbar intervertebral space and to evaluate its role in the interbody fusion compared with allograft bone. Methods: Thirteen beagles were chosen among which 7 animals were implanted with the disk-like CFR/PEEK composite in the lumbar intervertebral space and 6 were implanted with allograft bone. X-ray, QCT and histological examination were employed at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results: The X-ray results were in conformity with that of QCT. Histological examination showed the anterior soft tissue of the implant exhibited a nonspecific foreign body reaction with connective tissue the biomaterials. Carbon fragment were seen in the surrounding tissue and some of the debric were phagocytosed by foreign body giant cell. Histological examination of bone and material showed new bone growth alone the hole of CFR/PEEK implant. Conclusion: CFR/PEEK has excellent biocompatibility to bone tissue.