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随着矿山开采深度的不断增加,厚覆盖层成为部分深部地下矿山的主要特点。以物探调查、变形监测以及理论分析为手段,对某典型厚覆盖层金属矿山地下开采初期地表塌陷的成因与机制进行了分析。结果表明,厚覆盖层中存在的大面积采空区为地表塌陷变形提供了空间,采空区顶板厚度较小为地面塌陷的发展提供了条件,采空区的存在是地表塌陷的主要原因。地表出现塌陷以后,塌陷范围以塌坑为中心继续向外扩展,受覆盖层内采空区走向,断层和岩层分界面等地质缺陷影响,塌坑向西、向南与向北三个方向上的扩展较向东快得多。降雨会增大塌坑向外扩展的速度,因为地表水的下渗加快了塌坑周围岩土体向塌坑方向的移动和下沉。
As mining depths continue to increase, thick overburden has become a major feature of some of the underlying underground mines. Geophysical investigation, deformation monitoring and theoretical analysis are used to analyze the causes and mechanism of surface subsidence during the initial underground mining of a typical thick overburden metal mine. The results show that the large area of gob located in thick overburden area provides space for the deformation of the ground surface. The smaller thickness of the gob roof provides the conditions for the development of ground subsidence. The existence of gob area is the main cause of surface subsidence. After the surface collapses, the scope of the collapse continues to expand outward with the collapse pit as the center. Affected by the geological defects such as the strike of the goaf in the overburden, the fault and the interface of the rock strata, the collapse pit faces westward, southward and northward Expansion is much faster than east. Rainfall will increase the rate at which the collapse pit expands outward because the infiltration of surface water accelerates the movement and sinking of the rock mass around the collapse pit toward the collapse pit.