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[目的]探讨了不同供水条件下土壤水分与作物产量的关系。[方法]以冬小麦品种长旱58为试材,设肥力和水分2因子高、中、低3水平9个处理组合,通过试验资料分析了不同养分和水分条件下作物的产量响应。利用2006年9月~2007年7月的气象资料研究了冬小麦不同生育期耗水量。[结果]各生育期耗水量占全生育期总耗水量的百分比以孕穗灌浆期最大,达45.6%,其次为拔节期,约21.5%,越冬期最小,约8.4%。底墒对旱作作物产量具有重要影响,施肥量过量会影响农田水分循环过程,使得高产农田的产量随降水量的变化而波动。[结论]提高作物土壤耗水量和土壤底墒利用率是黄土高原旱地农业实现高产稳产的关键。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between soil moisture and crop yield under different water supply conditions. [Method] With the winter wheat cultivar Changhan 58 as test material, nine treatment combinations with high, medium and low 3 levels of fertility and water content were established. The yield response of crops under different nutrient and water conditions was analyzed through the experimental data. Using the meteorological data from September 2006 to July 2007, the water consumption of winter wheat at different growth stages was studied. [Result] The percentage of water consumption during the whole growth period to the total water consumption during the whole growth period was the highest at booting stage, reaching 45.6%, followed by jointing stage, about 21.5% and the minimum during wintering period, about 8.4%. Soil moisture at the end of the crop yield has an important impact on the amount of fertilizer over the impact of farmland water cycle, making the yield of high-yield farmland fluctuations with fluctuations in precipitation. [Conclusion] Increasing crop water consumption and soil moisture content utilization was the key to achieving high and stable yields in dryland agriculture in the Loess Plateau.