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在西德煤田中,水平矿层的开采对地表的影响,主要是应用埃尔哈尔特和佐埃尔的方法进行预计的。该方法基于这样的假设:在岩体内部存在某一定尺寸的地表点P相关的圆形采区,并称之为“充分采动面积”。被限定在“充分采动面积”上方直到P点的岩体内部均出现最大下沉。这一产生最大下沉的岩体为一个直圆锥,按经验公式所确定的边界角Υ,为充分采动面积平面与圆锥侧面之间所夹的角度。应用下式既可求得旋转体的体积,亦可求得取决于开采深度h的充分采动面积的半径R: R=h·cot Υ具有该边界角的圆锥体有无数个水平面,每个水平面均可视为一个充分采动面积,该面积的全部开采会引起P点最大下
In the West German coalfield, the influence of horizontal seam mining on the surface is mainly predicted by Elhart and Zoell’s method. The method is based on the assumption that a certain size of the surface point P is associated with a circular mining area inside the rock mass and is called the “full mining area.” Is limited to “full mining area” above the p point up to the maximum sinkhole within the body. This maximum subsidence rock mass is a straight cone. The boundary angle Υ, as determined empirically, is the angle sandwiched between the plane of sufficient sag and the side of the cone. The volume of the rotating body can be obtained either by applying the following formula or obtaining the radius R of the well-developed area dependent on the mining depth h: R = h · cot Υ The cone with this boundary angle has a number of horizontal planes, each The water level can be regarded as a full mining area, the full exploitation of the area will cause the maximum point P