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目的调查汕头市地氟病区改水后水氟浓度与小学生尿氟及氟斑牙患病情况,以评价改水降氟的效果。方法于2009年选择汕头市潮南区改水后4个氟病区村作为调查点,以1个非氟病区村作为对照,测定水氟浓度。对8～12岁当地出生的4580名小学生进行氟斑牙患病情况调查,随机抽取550名学生测定尿氟浓度。结果水氟浓度均低于1mg/L。改水年限9年以上的氟病区村氟斑牙患病率基本达到非氟病区的标准。小学生尿氟浓度与氟斑牙分度和患病率均呈正相关(氟斑牙分度:r=0.997,P<0.01;氟斑牙患病率:r=0.994,P<0.01)。当尿氟浓度高于1.2 mg/L时,小学生氟斑牙患病率高于30%。结论汕头市地氟病区经改水降氟后,饮用水符合卫生要求,大部分氟病区村小学生氟斑牙患病率已达非氟病区村的水平。
Objective To investigate the change of water fluoride concentration and urinary fluoride and dental fluorosis among primary school students in Shantou City for the purpose of assessing the effect of water diversion and fluoride reduction. Methods In 2009, Shantou City, Chaonan District, water after the election four fluoride district as a survey point to a non-fluorosis village as a control, determination of water fluoride concentration. A survey of prevalence of dental fluorosis in 4580 primary schoolchildren aged 8 ~ 12 years was conducted. 550 students were randomly selected to measure urinary fluoride concentration. Results water fluoride concentrations were lower than 1mg / L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the endemic fluorosis area that has been used for over 9 years has basically reached the standard of non-fluorosis area. Urinary fluoride in primary school students was positively correlated with the degree and prevalence of dental fluorosis (dental fluorosis index: r = 0.997, P <0.01; prevalence of dental fluorosis: r = 0.994, P <0.01). When the urinary fluoride concentration is higher than 1.2 mg / L, the prevalence of dental fluorosis among pupils is higher than 30%. Conclusion The fluoride content of fluoride in the endemic fluorosis area of Shantou City meets the hygiene requirements after drinking water is changed. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among the primary school students in the fluorosis area has reached the level of non-fluorosis area.